The American Penal System The United States Essay

The American Penal System Crime has been an ever-present figure in America even before America officially became a country. Where there is crime, there must be a way to suppress it. That is where prisons come into play. When a person commits a crime, he or she might stay in a prison while awaiting trial and might also stay in a prison as a punishment if that trial does not end in his or her favor. According to The Sentencing Project, as of 2015, the United States’ rate of incarceration was the highest in the world, standing at 698 people per 100,000 people. That means that nearly 2.3 million people in 2015 were behind bars. Because of this, the United States penal system needs to be extremely substantial, growing and changing to compensate for America’s growing and changing society. The American penal system has changed vastly over time, developing laws, practices, and major reforms to make it more efficient and effective; however, some question whether it is actually w orking. America’s penal system has been influenced by many countries and people, and it has been changing to compensate for our growing nation since Colonial times. Imprisonment was uncommon in the early 1700s; only political and religious offenders and debtors were punished in that way. Two types of institutions during this period were utilized: jails or prisons and workhouses. The jails and prisons of that time were also used to hold the accused who were awaiting trial. Most criminals were punished usingShow MoreRelatedAmeric Land Of The Incarcerated1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poem The Star Spangled Banner after witnessing the attack on Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy in the War of 1812. The poem was sang to the tune of a well-known British song and eventually, Key’s once amateur patriotic poem became the United States national anthem in which the lyrics strongly symbolize our country’s perseverance and freedom. The Star Spangled Banner can be hear d at a variety gatherings such as official military functions and sporting events where celebrity singers oftenRead MoreLegislation and Incarceration in United States956 Words   |  4 Pages#A2068178) The incarceration rate in the United States has steadily risen since 1973, and Franklin Zimring has examined the relationship between penal legislation and the incarceration rate. He has discovered three distinct periods which demonstrate three differences in the way legislation effects penal practices. During the first period in which there was a major rise in incarceration rates, 1973-1985, Zimring asserted that there was no relationship between penal legislation and the increase in incarcerationRead MoreKafka s The Penal Colony1231 Words   |  5 PagesKafka’s â€Å"In the Penal Colony† tells the story of a European traveller who has been invited to observe an unnamed penal colony’s system of justice and punishment. Throughout the foreign traveller’s visit, a character referred to as â€Å"the Officer† zealously defends the colony’s justice system by explaining—from his point of view—how one is convicted and punished. A c onvicted individual—referred to as â€Å"the Condemned†Ã¢â‚¬â€is to face punishment; unfortunately for him, only one form of penalty exists in thisRead MoreCompartive Legal Systems Canada vs Usa1691 Words   |  7 PagesCanadas Dominance over United States Penal System Name: Shenthuran Vijayananthan Teacher: Mrs. Merenda Due Date: Wed. Oct. 26, 2005 Topic: #1 Ââ€" Comparative Legal Systems (Canada vs. USA) Thesis: Canadas criminal justice system, specifically laws dealing with punishment, is far superior to that of the United States Canada and the United States of America are two neighboring countries who besides the border share numerous other key aspects. Though similar in beliefs and culture the two countriesRead MoreThe Overcrowding Of The Correctional Facilities1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States Supreme Court ruled that massive overcrowding of California prisons violates its prisoner’s eighth amendment right protecting them from cruel and unusual punishment (Boylan, 2015, p. 558). At the time California’s correctional institutions were at double their capacity, housing over 155, 500 prisoners in only 33 institutions (Specter, 2010, p. 194). The overcrowding of correctional facilities is one of the biggest problems facing corrections policy makers in the United States. TheRead MoreThe Rehabilitation System Is On Converting Criminals On Productive Members Of Society1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe rehabilitation system focuses on converting criminals to productive members of society. Whi le there is a certain level of punishment in being forced to go through such a system, the goal is conversion, not revenge. This leads to a more moral society where those being released are less dangerous and less likely to return to prison. A rehabilitation system’s goal is to reintegrate every inmate back into society. A life sentence is a death sentence, and a death sentence helps no one. One NorwegianRead MoreDownsizing Of The American Penal System1474 Words   |  6 Pages1970s the United States was experiencing a state of stability when it comes to the American Penal System. Murayama (1970) speaks on the American penal system, her main focus when taking a look at the system was the issue of mass incarceration. Murayama (1970, pp 629) states that since 1970 the number of people that are incarcerated has quadrupled. As a result of this corrections experts that were both inside and outside government began to emphasize two major goals for the American penal system. FirstRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The Correctional System910 Words   |  4 PagesThe correctional system in America is an umbrella term referring to a range of mandates that entails the management, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. These mandates are often carried out through incarceration, probation, or parole, while prisons are the most popular correctional agency in America. P risons in America were among some of the first public buildings established in the New World. Early prisons were not considered â€Å"houses of punishment,† but were rather referred toRead MoreThe Judicial Corporal System Of Islamic Criminal Justice System Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration, especially in the United States, is widely known to be a massive taxpayer burden— to the tune of over $52 billion per year (CITE p414). In 2012, the annual cost per inmate in the United States was approximately $21,000 for low risk inmates, and up to $34,000 for high risk offenders (CITE p386). Additionally, incarceration places a significant financial burden on the offenders themselves, because they would lose their current jobs, and any job prospects they would have in the futureRead MorePunitive Model Of Incarceration During The United States1321 Words   |  6 Pages Examining the Punitive Model of Incarceration in the United States and the Changes that Brought It About Collin S. Lahr Ball State University Abstract This paper explores several different sources that cover some aspect of how the United States Penal System went from the Rehabilitative Model to a punitive system. Bryan Stevenson and Betsy Matthews have written about how drug enforcement and the â€Å"War on Drugs† are responsible. Yeoman Lowbrow’s analysis of the crime rate and statistics will

Essay on Ancient Biblical Stories and Greek Myths Being...

Ancient Biblical Stories and Greek Myths Being Male Oriented Are the ancient biblical stories and the myths of the Greeks irredeemably male oriented? All ancient societies treated women as the inferior gender. It has been historically shown that in the ancient world, men were the leaders, heroes, and kings, and women served primarily as companions, helpers, and child-bearers. In the Old Testament and throughout ancient Greek literature, there is a constant theme of male superiority that cannot be ignored. Men did not believe that women were capable of existing as anything other than the typical â€Å"housewife;† it was unthinkable that a woman would actually need an education, let alone earn a living. Rarely was a woman seen†¦show more content†¦26). Women did not get to choose who they married. The entire concept of love, especially from a woman’s point of view, was not considered as a factor in marriage. The women were expected to comply and marry the man who chose them without complaint. In the book of Genesis, Abram sends a servant to fetch a wife for his son, Isaac, in order to console him following his mother’s death. â€Å"To my land and to my birthplace you shall go, and you shall take a wife for my son, for Isaac† (Genesis 24:4, p113). The servant then follows his instructions and travels to Abram’s homeland, finding Rebekah and bringing her home to Isaac. â€Å"And he loved her, and Isaac was consoled after his mother’s death† (Genesis 24:67, p123). A wife-seeking mission such as this was considered normal, and was often done, in the name of God- â€Å"Take [Rebekah] and go and let her be the wife of your masters son as the LORD has spoken (Genesis 24:51-52, p120). An ancient woman’s principal function in life was to supplement the life of her husband, ensuring that his every need was met. Because men were usually out of the home completing their own duties (in the case of the Greeks, fighting; in the Bible, working), women were expected to maintain the well being of the family, as both wives and as mothers. As a wife, a woman was expected to serve her husband however he desired, which meantShow MoreRelatedChapter Summary: The Bible Among the Myths Essay5414 Words   |  22 PagesIntroduction Oswalt first learned about the issues in â€Å"The Bible Among the Myths† while taking a class taught by Dennis Kinlaw at Asbury Theological Seminary. His interest in the subject has grown since with graduate study and his own classes which he taught. William F. Albright, his students, and G. Ernest Wright led the rethinking of the evolutionary paradigm within the philosophy of Idealism. 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WALTON Old Testament Introduction OBST 510 May 4, 2014 Part 1 – Comparative Studies Chapter 1: History and Methods History: Walton begins the chapter with the â€Å"rediscovery of Egypt which began in the eighteenth century AD and of Mesopotamia in the mid nineteenth century AD.† There were discoveries of tens of thousands of texts that were excavated, translated and studied. Many of these tablets and texts did coincideRead MoreAngels in Christianity Essay2576 Words   |  11 Pagessupporting players in the scripture, they are an essential character to the nature of the stories mentioned in these scriptures. Therefore angels still play a significant role in Christianity and portray the character of a multifaceted and multidimensional divine being around the world (Patella 59). This development of the role of angels in the Christian Tradition doesn’t only have an impact through the stories read in the scriptures or from the portrayal of Angels in Christmas decoration or ChristianRead MoreAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesLIBERTY UNIVERS ITY THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS JOHN, N. OSWALT A SUMMARY PAPER OF THE TEXT ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN THOUGHT AND THE OLD TESTAMENT SUBMITTED TO DR. RANDY G. HANEY DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY BY 03 MARCH 2013 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS 3 CHAPTER 2: COMPARATIVE STUDIES, SCHOLARSHIP, AND THEOLOGY 6 CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 10 CHAPTER 4: THE GODS 14 CHAPTER 5: TEMPLES AND RITUALS 19 CHAPTER 6: STATE AND FAMILYRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagesidentity (internal feeling of being male, female or transgender) and/or gender expression, differs from that usually associated with their birth sex. 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PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fictionRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheir wealth of experience and understanding and provided the field with an imaginative resource to address the dynamics between theory and practice. Dr Susanne Tietze, Bradford University, UK The key to success for managers is not only to be result oriented but also to be wise in their decision making. This requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. 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Business Law. Hire Purchase Free Essays

HIRE PURCHASE a) Sam is a successful second hand dealer. He decides to reward his staff buys buying a fridge and a microwave oven for their use. He wants to enter into a hire purchase agreement to help him finance the two goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law. Hire Purchase or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advise Sam whether these goods will be covered by the Hire Purchase Act 1967? Issue The issue in this case was whether those goods fridge and microwave will be covered by the Hire Purchase Act 1967. Hire purchase is a system of acquiring good on goods on credit whereby the seller of the goods is regarded as the dealer, the purchaser is regarded as the hirer and the financier as the owner. In this situation, Sam is the hirer that because decided to purchased goods under hire purchase. The ownership of the goods bought on hire purchase does not pass to the hirer at the time of the hire purchase agreement or upon delivery of the goods. The ownership of the goods remains in the financier until the hirer has fully settled the price agreed upon in the hire purchase agreement. Hire purchase is commonly carried out in the form of a triangular transaction. The dealer/seller/vendor sells the goods to the financier, which becomes the owner, in return for an immediate payment, which is the cash price less deposit paid by the buyer/consumer, known as the hirer. The owner then hires the goods to the hirer under a hire purchase agreement. [pic] Hire Purchase Transaction Hire Purchase Act 1967 is an act to regulate the form and contents of hire-purchase agreements and the rights and duties of parties to such documents. The act is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs. It does not set down any licensing requirements but provides for the regulation of hire purchase activities relating to scheduled goods. According to section 2 of the Hire Purchase Act, hire purchase includes a letting of goods with an option to purchase and an agreement for the purchase of goods by installments (whether the agreement describes the installment as rent or as hire or as otherwise), but does not include any agreement: ) Whereby the property in the goods passes at the time of the agreement or upon or at anytime before delivery of the goods, or b) Under which the person by whom the goods are being hired or purchased is a person who is engaged in the trade or business of selling goods of the same nature or description as the goods comprised in the agreement. Based on the above, subsection (a) seeks to exclude outright sale (ownership transfers to buyer upon sale). Likewise, a dealer c annot finance his stock under hire purchase as the owner and hirer cannot be the same person. Only the following goods can be bough on hire purchase. Definition of scheduled goods Hire Purchase Act 1967 (Act Goods as per First Schedule of the Act) †¢ All consumer goods (goods purchased for personal, family and household purposes) and †¢ Motor vehicle namely ? Invalid carriages ? Motor cycles ? Motors cars including taxi cabs and hire cars ? Goods vehicles where the maximum permissible laden weight does not exceed 2540 kilograms and ? Buses, including stage buses. Consumer goods† is defined in section 2(1) to mean â€Å"goods purchased for personal, family and house hold purposes†. In consequence, goods (other than motor vehicles) which would normally be regarded as consumer goods but purchased for business purposes or use, such as for consumption in the office, are excluded from the Act. However, these appear to be an inconsistency. While section 1(2) declares that the Act applies ‘in respect only of hire purchase agreement relating to goods speci fied in the First Schedule’, section 4(1) mentions hire purchase agreement’ in respect of any goods’. Is this an oversight in drifting or is section 4 intended to bind hire purchased agreement ‘in respect of any goods’? To avoid the inconsistency, one approach would be to read the expression ‘any goods’ by reference to section 1(2) to mean ‘any goods listed in the First Schedule’. By virtue of section 2(1), goods also include any replacements or renewals by the hirer of any part or parts and any accessories added by the hirer during the period of the hiring. Case The relevant case here is in Kesang Leasing Sdn Bhd v. Mohd Yusuf bin Ismail [1990]. The High Court held that section 1(2) did not exclude the application of provisions of the Act to hire purchase agreements in respects of goods outside it coverage provided the parties to an agreement consented to be bound by them. This construction has doubtless extended the scope of the Act to allow parties the liberty of agreeing to be bound by the Act in respect of those goods not ordinary regulated. In that case, the parties have agreed to be bound by provisions of the Act in respect of a computer. Conclusion As the conclusion, according to hire purchase agreements relating to goods specified in the First Schedule of the said Act under section 1(2) Hire Purchase Act 1967, fridge and microwave was listed as a consumer goods so it was covered by the Hire Purchase Act 1967. Sam can enter a hire purchase agreement to finance the goods. a) Laili visits a seconds hand car showroom, and sees car which is very suitable for her but slightly pricey. She wants to buy the car, but is reluctant, because she feels there are too many formalities when entering into a hire purchase agreement. However, Samy the second hand dealer tells her, â€Å"Don’t worry madam. You can even enter into a hire purchase agreement orally. No signature is even required. † Is this true? Advise Laili. Issue The issue in this situation was can Laili enter into hire purchase agreement orally and no without any signature required. Formation and Contents of Hire-Purchase Agreements According to section 4A of Hire Purchase Act 1967 (1) A hire-purchase agreement in respect of any goods specified in the First Schedule shall be in writing. (2) A hire-purchase agreement that does not comply with subsection (1) shall be void. 3) An owner who enters into hire-purchase agreement that does not comply with subsection (1) shall, notwithstanding that the hire-purchase agreement is void, be guilty of an offence under this Act. According to section 4B of Hire Purchase 1967 (1) Every hire-purchase agreement shall be signed by or on behalf of all parties to the agreement. (2) No owner, dealer, agen t or person acting on behalf of the owner shall require or cause any intending hirer or his agent to sign a hire-purchase agreement or any other form or document relating to a hire-purchase agreement unless such hire-purchase agreement, form or document has been duly completed. 3) A hire-purchase agreement that does not comply with subsection (1) and (2) shall be void. (4) An owner, dealer, agent or person acting on behalf of the owner who- (a) Enters into a hire-purchase agreement in contravention of subsection (1); or (b) Requires or causes an intending hirer or his agent to sign a hire-purchase agreement in contravention of subsection (2), shall, notwithstanding that the hire-purchase agreement is void, be guilty of an offence under this Act. Case The relevant case here is in Ming Lian Corporation Sdn Bhd v. Haji Nordin [1974]. In the case, the High Court held that the enforceability of a hire purchase agreement was not affected if the hired signed with blank spaces which were later filled in by the owner, provided by the hirer was aware of the term and knew what he was signing. Conclusion As a conclusion, hire purchase agreement shall be in writing and shall be signed by or on behalf of all parties to the agreement if not it shall be void. So Laili is required to enter into a hire purchase agreement in writing and signed by or on behalf of all parties to the agreement and Samy, the second hand dealer is guilty of an offence under Hire Purchase Act. b) Lim enters into a single hire purchase agreement for two goods he buys, a motorcycle and a second hand car. When he signs the hire purchase agreement he notices that the date of commencement of the hiring, and the number of installments have not been filled in. advise Lim whether this hire purchase agreement conforms to the requirements of the Hire Purchase Act 1967 ? Issue The issue was information that needs to be put in the hire purchase agreement. Information that need to be put in the agreement According to section 4C of Hire Purchase Act 1967 (1) Every hire-purchase agreement- (a) Shall- (i) Specify a date on which the hiring shall be deemed to have commenced; (ii) Specify the number of installments to be paid under the agreement by the hirer; (iii) specify the amounts of each of these installments and the person to whom and the place at which the payments of these installments are to be made; iv) Specify the time for the payment of each of those installments; (v) Contain a description of the goods sufficient to identify them; (vi) Specify the address where the goods under the hire-purchase agreement are; Where any part of the consideration is not cash, for example a trade in as part consideration, there must be a description of that part of the consideration. In addition, the hire purchase agreement must provide a table containing the follo wing information: 1) The cash of the goods ) The deposit showing separately the amount paid in cash and the amount provided by consideration other than cash 3) Delivery or freight charges, if any 4) Vehicle registration fees, if applicable 5) Insurance 6) The total amount referred to above less the deposit 7) Term charges 8) The annual percentage rate for term charges 9) The total amount in items 6 and 7 above and 10) The total amount payable. The agreement must not contain any particulars which are inconsistent in any material way from the particulars contained in the mandatory pre-contractual written statements served on the prospective hirer. A hire purchase agreement that contravenes any of the above requirements is void and the owner who enters into such an agreement is guilty of an offence. Separate Agreement Where more than one item of goods is purchased, there must be a separate hire purchase agreement in respect of every item. Any goods which are essentially similar or complementary to each other and sold as a set are regarded as an item. A contravention of these requirements renders the agreement void and the owner guilty of an offence according to section 4D of Hire Purchase Act 1967. Conclusion As a conclusion, based on the situation it is required to the information of date of commencement of the hiring and the number of installments to be filled in the hire purchase agreement. So it best for Lim to enter a complete hire purchase agreement or the agreement shall be void. Hire purchase agreement also has to be in separate hire purchase agreement in respect of every item. References Beatrix Vohrah and Wu Min Aun, The Commercial Law of Malaysia, 2nd Edition, Longman Lee Mei Phang, General Principle of Malaysian Law, 5th Edition, Oxford Fajar http://www. leonghousing. com/Hire-purchaseActRegulations. pdf How to cite Business Law. Hire Purchase, Essay examples

Conclusion Of An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

Conclusion Of An Inspector Calls Essay JB Priestleys Play of An Inspector Calls is about a family called the Birlings. They are spending a happy evening celebrating the engagement of Sheila Birling to Gerald Croft, a marriage that will result in the merging of two successful local businesses. In addition, just when everything seems to be going so well, they receive a surprise visit from an Inspector Goole who is investigating the suicide of a young girl. The questions he asks to each character are relating to the case, this reveals that they all have secrets that link them to the tragedy. The main core of the play is about the investigation of the Inspector into the death of Eva smith. Moreover, it is really a way of putting across the authors political thoughts. Priestley has put his own political message across and he has used the characters in the play to do this. Priestly has also used the Birling family and the investigation into their part in her downfall, to make it less like a straight forward political speech, and a way to engage the audience and win their empathy. The most distinguishable dramatic technique used is the way the characters show the authors way of thinking, in which they act. This can be seen through each member of the family, therefore each one has a special role representing to us, something that Priestley is trying to destroy. To embark on, the first character is the man of the house, Mr Arthur Birling. Mr Birling seems to be a rich, irritable, self-centred person. Birling is very much confident in himself; he feels that his success from his small business is due to the fact hes a hard-headed practical man of business. He is also confident that strikes and labour troubles would not be a problem in the future and refers to fears of war as silly little war scares. However, this play was first performed in 1946 after WW2, so Birlings predictions would have sounded pretty daft to the audience. As for the wider world, Birling thinks it is every man for himself, a man has to make his own way and look after the family. It is survival of the fittest. The other thing that is wrong with Birling is that he always thinks of himself first, and honestly believes that it is the only way to get through life. That makes it hard for him to understand other peoples opinions If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody wed ever had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldnt it? Birling is obsessed with how things appear to people. His main concern is his public image is going to be affected. He does not want the story to come out publicly and ruin him for good.